Thursday, October 23, 2014

L.R. #3


O'Malley, Susan. "The Leading Edge Of Corporatization In Higher Ed: For-Profit Colleges." Radical Teacher 93 (2012): 22-28. Academic Search Premier. Web. 17 Oct. 2014.

O’Malley has committed her time to teaching as a professor throughout most of her professional career at City College’s center for worker education. I would say she is a good source from her experience.


Summary: This article starts off quickly by targeting the student debt taken on by (FPU) students. In total the debt has increased to 1 trillion dollars and at the same, which is no coincidence, student dropout rate is climbing. Susan O’malley states,” The primary purpose of for-profit colleges is to make money for partners (in a privately held company) or for shareholders (in a publicly held corporation).”(22). To O’Malley education is a by-product of for-profits not the reason why they were created. I do not entirely agree with this but I will say in my paper how for-profits adopted a scheme to make millions. In addition “Eighty-seven percent of revenue for the 14 largest for-profit colleges is from the GI Bill, Pell Grants, Tuition Assistance Program, and other government-backed loans paid for by taxpayers.” These grants and federal loans come straight from the taxpayers’ produces a question. Does this mean as a society, we are paying double for college? “Stocks of thirteen for-profit companies, running several times that many colleges and universities, are publicly traded. Although their profits have recently declined, the for-profit sector made $26 billion in 2009 and outperformed the S&P 500 by about 40 percentage points during 2008-2010.” With the knowledge of students defaulting and running into large piles of debt, they cannot be the ones who benefit from their college doing “well” on the stock floor. The large salaries of CEO’s and the capital and financial squeezing of faculty, the beneficiaries of for-profits seem to be the one’s at the top of the administrative hierarchy.


Business-model: All (FPU) have business models that suggest that they run mostly like a profit-centered corporation. Their business model is in short to streamline education in the most cost effective way. This equates to more profit for their investors and the administrative board.

Title IV education funds: These funds are loans and grants issued by state and federal government to students to aid in payment of tuition. This does not include the GI bill. The GI bill is especially important because “colleges must obtain 10% of their revenue from sources other than Title IV education loans. Hence, there is a scramble to recruit veterans…”(22-23). 


Tuesday, October 21, 2014

Research Proposal



Working title: Follow the Money
Topic: I will explore student debt and student loans as an idea that drives for-profit colleges.
Research question: Has higher education become a sweet business for those who are able to invest in (FPU)? Who benefits from increased prices of colleges? Why has the burden of paying for college fallen so heavily on the student when the government advocates so positively for educating its people?  Are current tuition prices presented to keep the lower class the lower class?

Theoretical frame: I will use information from sources to prove true that higher education, in particular (FPU) are becoming a lucrative business in many aspects. Here, education is no longer about educating, it is about the margin. The more students these colleges get to enroll equals more revenue and in addition, you will see how (FPU) keep educational costs down. One theory I will keep in my head while writing is how (FPU) are similar to fast food joints. Very low cost of production, extremely convenient and being able to cater to hundreds of thousands of people.

Research plan:
The article, "Globalization And The Emergence Of For-Profit Higher Education." Tells how society is gearing itself to the system (FPU) implements. (FPU) are very convenient because many classes are online and about 90% of those who apply get accepted. The magazine article “The Law-School Scam” answers the question, has higher education become a sweet business? The article highlights one (FPU) that was founded by a private equity firm. When recruiting students to their law school, they promised there will be jobs for them after graduation and they simply were not there. A documentary about (FPU), College, inc. interviews an entrepreneur who invests in (FPU) so he can make millions. Also, they interview a former head of University of Phoenix and in his interview he states I some way that he made more money than he ever could have imagined.


BIBLIOGRAPHY
Belfield, Clive. "Student Loans And Repayment Rates: The Role Of For-Profit Colleges." Research 

Campos, Paul. "The Law-School Scam." TheAtlantic.com. 13 Aug. 2014. Web. 14 Oct. 2014. <http://www.theatlantic.com>.
In Higher Education 54.1 (2013): 1-29. Academic Search Premier. Web. 17 Oct. 2014.
 
Morey, Ann I. "Globalization And The Emergence Of For-Profit Higher Education." Higher Education 48.1 (2004): 131-150. Academic Search Premier. Web. 8 Oct. 2014.

Tierney, W., & Hentschke, G. (2007). New Players, Different Game: Understanding the rise of for-profit colleges and Universities. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.





Schade, Sarah Ann. "Reining In The Predatory Nature Of For-Profit Colleges." Arizona Law Review 56.1 (2014): 317-340. Academic Search Premier. Web. 17 Oct. 2014.

Wednesday, October 8, 2014

L.R. #2


For-profit colleges have been around since before WWII. They were originally vocational schools but after the technology boom, have switched their focus. The article tells the story of how (FPU) have become so appealing to many Americans. First off, the prices are set at a competitive rate, meaning; the price of (FPU) lie between private and public school prices. (FPU) have also streamlined their educational service, somewhat like McDonalds drive through window. At a 90% acceptance rate, basically everyone who wants to attend is welcomed. Because of strong techniques by recruiters, many prospect students are highly encouraged to get loans to attend these institutions. This all points to the fact that there are a tremendous amount of students who attend these colleges, for example, just fewer than 200,000 students ‘attend’ University of Phoenix. Because of rapid growth, venture capitalists are giving a keen eye into (FPU) and investors are pouring their money into private equity funds in the sector of for-profit colleges. These investments allow (FPU) to expand and they must also build partnerships with companies or people investing. I would like to explore that more though.

Morey, Ann I. "Globalization And The Emergence Of For-Profit Higher Education." Higher Education 48.1 (2004): 131-150. Academic Search Premier. Web. 8 Oct. 2014.

A huge concept discussed is technological breakthroughs. Colleges are able to have online courses therefore many students can enroll such as University of Phoenix.
Accredited is also very important to this article. By being accredited by an accrediting agency, some (FPU) can offer degrees that are comparable to those of large public or private schools. This allows for (FPU) to be continually more competitive with the other types of colleges.

This information that the article gives me is extremely valuable. It sets the stage for (FPU), which makes me able to make connections with my own ideas. It also began to talk a little about the investment side of (FPU) and I see that as very interesting. Not only is this a very informative article but also it references many other books and articles that could help me with my paper.

·      The success of the for-profit sector in meeting consumer needs has fueled the rapid growth of these institutions.”(136)
·       “These cost reduction strategies usually allow proprietary institutions
to set their tuition and fees above the public institutions and below the nonprofit institutions in the region they are targeting.”
·       “there is a major difference between those who are in the
business of education and those whose mission it is to provide an education.”

Monday, October 6, 2014

L.R. #1

Tierney, W., & Hentschke, G. (2007). New Players, Different Game: Understanding the rise of for-profit colleges and Universities. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

SUMMARY: The book’s title pretty much sums up what it’s all about which is understanding the rise of for-profit colleges and universities. The book explains differences in for-profits compared to traditional colleges and universities. All of the for-profit colleges are profit driven which pushes education standards downward. This is the key difference that interests me. Because of the profit incentive, (FPU) care less about their service and more about quantity of their customer. Yes, the book switches the roll of student in traditional colleges to a costumer in (FPU). Costumers, the book explains, that are geared toward a fast and convenient path to graduation. This is where (FPU) has their hook because they know most of the adult population does not believe it has the time for a traditional four-year college. Also, (FPU) are enrolling students at a speedy rate. “For-profit enrollments have increased at about seven times the rate of the entire sector.”(51). Another quote from the book is this, “(FPU) recruit and enroll students who do not have a high school diploma..”(140). This correlates directly with the enormous growth rate of (FPU) because they are enrolling just about any one. And again this will speak to high default rates of (FPU) customers.

-William Tierney is a very trustworthy source for any topic relating to higher education. Currently, he is Co-Director of the Pullias Center for Higher Education, University Professor and Wilbur-Kieffer Professor of Higher Education at the Rossier School of Education. 

Success- In terms of for-profit colleges, success is defined by how fast the college is growing and if its making profit.

In the intro the author introduces and idea proposed by Richard Scott, a sociologist from Stanford. He characterizes every sociologist a lumper or a splitter. “Such labels were a reference to tendency of sociologists either to examine a wide variety of phenomena and “lump” them together as variations on a fundamental theme or to examine one phenomena, framing it as a fundamental “split” from other, similar phenomena.”(1). This view on higher education can either put (FPU) in different league or (FPU) are extending higher education to a new future.

This is a lengthy book dedicated solely to (FPU) making it essential to my topic and research paper.